In chapter 3 of the textbook, Neo-Aristotelian criticism is said to be the first formal method of rhetorical criticism developed in the communication field. This rhetorical approach uses invention, organization, style, memory, and delivery as units of analysis. According to the text, because this approach required that a critic determnine the effect of rhetoric on an immediate audience, rhetorical criticism became the study of speeches and neo-Aristotelianism wasn't used to study written discourse or nondiscursive rhetoric.
The three basic steps in analyzing the artifact include reconstructing the context in which the artifact occurred, applying the five canons to the artifact, and assessing the impact of the artifact on the audience. The second step of analyzing an artifact mentions the application of the five canons. The five canons of rhetoric are the steps that go into the process of public speaking which include invention, organization, style, memory, and delivery, as mentioned before.
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